Tobacco Prevalence in Africa La Prévalence du Tabac en Afrique

Sub-Sahara Africa GYTS 2008: Were offered free cigarettes by a tobacco company representative (13-15 years old)

Were offered free cigarettes by a tobacco company representative (13-15 years old)
19.4% Liberia
18% Zambia
17.4% RDC-Kinshasa
17.4% RDC-Lubumbashi
14.2% Nigeria Cross River
13.3% Sierra Leone
12.8% Burundi
11.3% Nigeria Abuja
11.3% Kenya (07)
11.3% Malawi (05)
10.6% Botswana
10.3% Mali
9.8% Senegal
9.5% Nigeria Kano
8.4% Mauritius
7.1% Nigeria Lagos
6.4% Cameroon
5.4% Nigeria Ibadan
4.8% Rwanda
1.2% Madagascar

Sub-Sahara Africa GYTS 2008: Have an object with a cigarette brand logo (13-15 years old)

Have an object with a cigarette brand logo (13-15 years old)
26.8% Nigeria Kano
21.9% RDC-Kinshasa
21.9% RDC-Lubumbashi
20.6% Malawi (06)
19.7% Sierra Leone
18.9% Senegal
17.6% Zambia
17.6% Kenya (07)
16.3% Liberia
16.1% Nigeria Abuja
15.7% Nigeria Ibadan
15.4% Nigeria Cross River
15.3% Burundi
14.2% Nigeria Lagos
13.9% Mali
13.5% Cameroon
10.7% Botswana
9.6% Rwanda
6.2% Madagascar
No data for Mauritius

Sub-Sahara Africa GYTS 2008, current use of "other tobacco products"

Currently use "other tobacco products" (13-15 years old)

28.9% RDC-Kinshasa (Boys 29.3  Girls 27.6)
28.9% RDC-Lubumbashi (Boys 29.3  Girls 27.6)
25.7% Zambia (Boys 26.7 Girls 24.8)
23.3 % Nigeria Cross River (Boys 23.9  Girls 17.5)
20.7% Sierra Leone (Boys 16.7  Girls 21.8)
19.7% Nigeria Kano (Boys 24 Girls 14.3)
17.1% Malawi (06) (Boys 17.1 Girls 17.1)
16.1% Nigeria Ibadan (Boys 13.7  Girls 18)
16.1% Burundi (Boys 17.1  Girls 14.3)
15.4% Nigeria-Abuja (Boys 19 Girls 11)
15.2% Botswana (Boys 16.3  Girls 14.3)
13.6% Liberia (Boys 14.2  Girls 11.8)
13.1% Nigeria Lagos (Boys 13.2  Girls 12.9)
10.5% Rwanda (Boys 12 Girls 8.7)
10.1% Kenya (07) (Boys 8.2 Girls 11.4)
9.5% Cameroon (Boys 11.6  Girls 7.3)
9.3% Senegal (Boys 11.7  Girls 7.7)
9% Mali (Boys 10.7  Girls 7.2)
7% Madagascar (Boys 8.5 Girls 5.8)
No data for Mauritius

Those numbers are often higher than the use of cigarettes but no details are provided about what those "other tobacco products" are.

Source: Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) - WHO-Africa

Sub-Sahara Africa 2008: currently smoke cigarettes, girls only (13-15 years old)

Currently smoke cigarettes - girls (13-15 years old)
12.5% Zambia
10.2% Madagascar
7.7% Mauritius
5.5% Nigeria Ibadan
5.2% Kenya (07)
5% Sierra Leone
4.6% Botswana
3.6% RDC-Kinshasa
3.6% RDC-Lubumbashi
3.2% Burundi
3% Cameroon
2.7% Senegal
2.5% Mali
2.2% Malawi (06)
1.8% Nigeria Lagos
1.3% Nigeria Abuja
1.2 % Nigeria Cross River
1.2% Liberia
0.9% Rwanda
0.3% Nigeria Kano

Source: Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) - WHO-Africa

Sub-Sahara Africa 2008: currently smoke cigarettes, boys only 13-15 years old

Currently smoke cigarettes: boys (13-15 years old)
33.2% Madagascar
20.3% Mauritius
17.4% Mali
14.9% Zambia
12.9% Botswana
12.1% Senegal
11.7% RDC-Kinshasa
11.7% RDC-Lubumbashi
11.4% Nigeria Kano
11.2% Kenya (07)
8.8% Cameroon
6.8% Nigeria Cross River
6.6% Sierra Leone
5.8% Burundi
5.6% Nigeria Abuja
3.8% Malawi (06)
3% Rwanda
2.8% Nigeria Lagos
2% Liberia
1.4% Nigeria Ibadan

Source: Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) - WHO-Africa

Sub-Sahara Africa 2008: currently smoke cigarettes, boys + girls, 13-15 years old

Currently smoke cigarettes
(13-15 years old, boys and girls)
19.3% Madagascar
13.7% Mauritius
13.5% Zambia
10.4% Mali
8.2% RDC-Kinshasa
8.2% RDC-Lubumbashi
8.2% Kenya (07)
8.2% Botswana
7.5% Senegal
6.2% Nigeria Kano
5.8% Sierra Leone
5.7% Cameroon
4.6% Burundi
4.1% Nigeria Cross River
3.5% Nigeria Abuja
3.5% Nigeria Ibadan
2.9% Malawi (06)
2.6% Nigeria Lagos
2.1% Liberia
1.8% Rwanda

Source: Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) - WHO-Africa

Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) au Cameroun - Région du Centre (Ages 13-15)

L'enquête "Cameroun-GYTS" réalisée en 2008 permet de disposer des données sur le tabagisme chez les jeunes.

Ce document présente les résultats saillants obtenus sur une population de 2.724 jeunes âgés de 13 à 15 ans qui ont participé à l’étude.

15.2% des élèves ont déjà fumé une cigarette
(Garçon = 21.8 %, fille = 9.2 %)
31.2% ont expérimenté la cigarette avant l’âge de 10 ans (Garçon = 27.3%, Fille = 40.2%)
5.7% sont des fumeurs actuels de cigarettes
(Garçon = 8.8 %, Fille = 3.0 %)

Pour toute information complémentaire, contacter:
Pascal AWONO,  pm_awono@yahoo.fr

Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) in Malawi (2005)

Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Malawi (Ages 13-15)
The Malawi GYTS was a school-based survey of students in standards 7, 8, and form 1 conducted in 2005.
A total of 2,957 students aged 13-15 participated in the Malawi GYTS.
For additional information,contact Esther Chaswa
email: camamalawi@hotmail.com

Prevalence
2.9% currently smoke cigarettes
(Boy = 3.8%, Girl = 2.2%)
17.1% currently use other tobacco products
(Boy = 17.1%, Girl = 17.1%)

Agregating GYTS 2008 results (work in process)

Presently the results of the GYTS surveys in African countries are only presented separately in a pdf format on the site of WHO-Africa. Combining the findings provides a more global picture and raises new questions. This is still a work in progress.

Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) in Nigeria-Abuja (2008)

Prevalence
12.0% of students had ever smoked cigarettes
Boy=15.1%, Girl=8.0%
15.4% currently use any tobacco product
Boy=19.2%, Girl=11.1%
3.5% currently smoke cigarettes
Boy=5.6%, Girl=1.3%
13.9% currently use other tobacco products
Boy=16.9%, Girl=10.7%
13.4% of never smokers are likely to initiate smoking next year

Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) in Zambia (2007)

Prevalence
24.2% of students had ever smoked cigarettes
Male = 27.9%, Female = 21.1%
30.7% currently use any tobacco product
Male = 32.7%, Female = 29.1%
13.5% currently smoke cigarettes
Male = 14.9%, Female = 12.5%
25.7% currently use other tobacco products
Male = 26.7%, Female = 24.8%
22.4% of never smokers are likely to initiate smoking next year

For additional information, please contact: Richard Zulu
e-mail: inesor@zamnet.zm

Comparing data of prevalence surveys in Cameroon

GYTS 2008 data for current smokers (age 13-15) are:
males 8,8%, females 3%
previous data for adolescents were:
males 12,6%, females 2,2%
previous data for adults were:
males: 27,7%, females 13,5%

Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) in Cameroon (2008)

Prevalence
15.2% of students had ever smoked cigarettes
Boys = 21.8%, Girls = 9.2%
31.2% of ever smokers initiated smoking before age 10
Boys = 27.6%, girls = 40.2%
13.4% currently use any tobacco product
Boys = 17.3%, Girls = 9.7%
5.7% currently smoke cigarettes
Boys = 8.8%, Girls = 3.0%
9.5% currently use other tobacco products
Boys = 11.6%, Girls = 7.3%
10.9% of never smokers are likely to initiate smoking next year
16.2% of current smokers feel like having a cigarette first thing in the morning
For additional information, please contact: Pascal Awono pm_awono@yahoo.fr

Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) in Senegal (2007)

Prevalence
12.8% of students had ever smoked cigarettes
Boy = 20.7%, Girl = 5.2%
14.9% currently use any tobacco product
Boy = 20.4%, Girl = 9.6%
7.5% currently smoke cigarettes
Boy = 12.1%, Girl = 2.7%
9.3% currently use other tobacco products
Boy = 11.7%, Girl = 7.7%
31.0% of never smokers are likely to initiate smoking next year

For additional information, please contact: Dr. S. Sarr
email: bathie65@yahoo.fr

Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) in Mauritius (2008)

The Mauritius GYTS was a school-based survey of students in Form II, Form III, and Form IV conducted in 2008. A total of 1,286 students aged 13-15 participated in the Mauritius GYTS. (pdf format here)

Prevalence
28.4% of students had ever smoked cigarettes
Boys = 37.7%, Girls = 19.9%
13.7% currently smoke cigarettes
Boys = 20.3%, Girls = 7.7%
11.2% of never smokers are likely to initiate smoking next year

Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) in Mali (2008)

The Mali GYTS was a school-based survey of students in grades 6, 7, 8, and 9 conducted in 2008.
A total of 2,135 13-15 year old students participated.

Prevalence
29.0% of students had ever smoked cigarettes (Male = 44.6%, Female = 10.1%)
16.6% currently use any tobacco product (Male = 23.1%, Female = 8.8%)
10.4% currently smoke cigarettes (Male = 17.4%, Female = 2.5%)
9.0% currently use other tobacco products (Male = 10.7%, Female = 7.2%)
5.6% of never smokers are likely to initiate smoking next year

For additional information, please contact: Abdoulaye Cisse
cissea@ml.afro.who.int

Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) in Africa: where to get the results? what do they tell?

The Global Youth Tobacco Surveys that took place in African countries can be found on the WHO-Afro website: unfortunately they are only in a pdf format (for now) and in english (for what I could find). To make those figures usable on line it is necessary to transfer the content into an html format. Still if you already want to have a look it is worth a visit. One strange point seems to be the ight percentage of kids who declare using tobacco products that are not cigarettes: what are they if not cigarettes?

For additional contacts with AFRO-WHO

For more information about GYTS

Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in Rwanda

Here is a résumé of the results of the Rwanda-National (Ages 13-15) Global Youth Tobacco Survey GYTS (pdf document):

Prevalence

16.3% of students had ever smoked cigarettes (Boy =23.5%, Girl =9.5%)

11.5% currently use any tobacco product (Boy =13.3%, Girl=9.5%)

1.8% currently smoke cigarettes (Boy =3.0%, Girl =0.9%)

10.5% currently use other tobacco products (Boy =12.0%, Girl =8.7%)  (what products?)

INDEX

• Sub-Sahara Africa GYTS 2008: Were offered free cigarettes by a tobacco company representative (13-15 years old)
  
• Sub-Sahara Africa GYTS 2008: Have an object with a cigarette brand logo (13-15 years old)
  
• Sub-Sahara Africa GYTS 2008, current use of "other tobacco products"
  
• Sub-Sahara Africa 2008: currently smoke cigarettes, girls only (13-15 years old)
  
• Sub-Sahara Africa 2008: currently smoke cigarettes, boys only 13-15 years old
  
• Sub-Sahara Africa 2008: currently smoke cigarettes, boys + girls, 13-15 years old
  
• Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) au Cameroun - Région du Centre (Ages 13-15)
  
• Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) in Malawi (2005)
  
• Agregating GYTS 2008 results (work in process)
  
• Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) in Nigeria-Abuja (2008)
  
• Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) in Zambia (2007)
  
• Comparing data of prevalence surveys in Cameroon
  
• Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) in Cameroon (2008)
  
• Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) in Senegal (2007)
  
• Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) in Mauritius (2008)
  
• Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) in Mali (2008)
  
• Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) in Africa: where to get the results? what do they tell?
  
• Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in Rwanda
  
• Epidemiology of Tobacco Smoking in North East Nigeria
  
• Highest and lowest tobacco use prevalence for males (adolescents and adults) in Africa
  
• Highest and lowest prevalence in tobacco use for females (adolescents and adults) in Africa
  
• Highest and lowest prevalence for females (adolescents and adults) in ATSA countries
  
• Highest and lowest prevalence for males (adolescents and adults) in ATSA countries
  
• Highest and lowest prevalence for adolescents and aldults in ATSA countries (both sexes)
  

Epidemiology of Tobacco Smoking in North East Nigeria

An interesting study directed by Desalu Olufemi published on the Internet Journal of Epidemiology.
More than a third of this study population smokes tobacco as cigarette or pipe. This is worrisome and is a great cause for concern because of its negative impact on the health of our population. The result from the Nigerian tobacco survey in 2002 is a gross underestimation of tobacco use. The problem of underestimation is an issue in most of developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.

The prevalence of male smoking was 45.3% while female was 18.4% giving a ratio of 3 to1, this is similar to many other studies.

Highest and lowest tobacco use prevalence for males (adolescents and adults) in Africa

Highest and lowest tobacco use prevalence for males (adolescents and adults) in Africa
According to the numbers provided by WHOSIS

Adolescents - Males                  Adults - Males    

1. Mali: 42.6% (+23.1)  (2001)     1. Namibia:   38.6%
2. Mauritania: 31.5% (+9.2)         2. Mauritius  35.7%
3. South Africa: 29%  (+1.5)         3. Seychelles: 35.2%
4. Namibia: 28.6% (-10)               4. Algeria:  29.9%
5. Seychelles: 27.1% (-8.1)           5. Gambia    29.3%
6. Congo: 26.1% (+14)                 6. Cameroon  27.7%
7. Zambia: 25.7%  (+4)                7. Comoros    27.7%
8. Algeria; 25.5% (-4.4%)             8. South Africa  27.5% 
9. Nigeria: 22.6%  (+9.6)             9. Kenya         27.1%
10. Lesotho: 22.4%                    10. Zimbabwe   25.5%
11. Comoros: 21.8% (-5.9%)       11. Tanzania     24.8% 
12. Cote d'Ivoire: 21.7% (+6.3)   12. Malawi        23.7%   
13. Senegal: 20.4% (+0.6)          13. Sao Tome    23.2%
14. Burkina: 19.9% (-2.1)           14. Mauritania  22.3%
15. Malawi: 19.1%  (-4.6)           15. Burkina      22%
16. Togo: 17.7%                        16. Mozambique  22%
17. Uganda: 17.3% (-3.6)            17. Zambia       21.7%
18. Niger: 15.2%                         18. Uganda      20.9%
19. Kenya: 14.9%  (-12.2)            19. Senegal      19.8%
20. Swaziland: 14.7% (+0.1)         20. Mali           19.5%
21. Benin: 14.6% (2003)               21. Eritrea      16.9%
22. Zimbabwe: 12.7% (-12.8)        22. Chad        16%
23. Cameroon: 12.6% (-15.1)        23. Cote d'ivoire 15.4%
24. Botswana: 12.3% (2003)         24. Swaziland     14.6%
25. Ghana: 11.6% (+1.4)              25. RDC              13.5%
26. Ethiopia: 9.9% (+2.3)             26. Nigeria          13%
27. Mozambique: 9.1% (-12.9)      27. Congo           12.1%
28. Tanzania: 8.7% (-16.1)           28. Ghana           10.2%
29. Eritrea: 7.8% (-9.1)               29. Ethiopia            7.6%

No data for adolescents from Mauritius, Chad, RDC, Gambia, Sao Tome.
No data for adults from Benin, Botswana, Lesotho, Niger, Togo.       

Highest and lowest prevalence in tobacco use for females (adolescents and adults) in Africa

Prevalence in tobacco use for females in Africa according to WHOSIS (many countries are absent).
One can already notice some worrying trends for adolescent smoking

The (+) number in the Adolescents column indicates the difference between the adolescent/adult prevalences: how much more the youth are smoking.

Adolescent (females)                Adults (females)   

1. Mauritania: 29.5% (+25.8)        1. Cameroon: 13.5%   
2. Zambia: 25.6%  (+20)               2. Comoros: 13.5%
3. Seychelles: 25.3% (+18.3)         3. Burkina: 11.2%
4. Namibia: 22.9% (+12)               4. Namibia: 10.9%
5. Congo: 21.9% (+20.9)               5. Sao Tome: 10.6%
6. South Africa: 20%  (+11)           6. South Africa: 9.1%
7. Malawi: 17.9%  (+10)                7. Seychelles: 7%
8. Lesotho: 17.7% (2002)              8. Malawi: 6.2%
9. Uganda: 15.3% (+12.1)             9. Zambia: 5%
10. Comoros: 14.8% (+1.3)       10. Zimbabwe; 4,4%
11. Kenya: 14.5%  (+12)            11. Tanzania: 4.3%
12. Nigeria: 11.2%  (+10)          12. Mauritania: 3.7%
13. Ghana: 10.9%  (+10)            13. Mozambique: 3.4% 
14. Botswana: 10.5%%  (2001)     14. Uganda: 3.2%
15. Cote d'Ivoire: 10.3% (+7.9)    15. Swaziland: 3.2%
16. Senegal: 9.6%  (+8)               16. Gambia: 2.9%
17. Swaziland: 9% (+5.8)             17. Mali: 2.8%
18. Niger: 8%                              18. Chad: 2.6%               
19. Togo: 7.9%                            19. RDC: 2.6%
20. Mali: 7.4% (+4.6) (2001)         20. Cote d'Ivoire: 2.4%
21. Zimbabwe; 7.3% (+2.9)          21. Kenya: 2.2%
22. Mozambique: 7.2% (+3.8)      22. Senegal: 1.5%
23. Burkina: 6.7%   (-5)               23. Eritrea: 1.2%
24. Benin: 5.8%  (2003)               24. Nigeria: 1.2% 
25. Algeria : 5.7% (+5.4)             25. Mauritius: 1.1%
26. Ethiopia: 4.9% (+4)               26. Congo: 1%
27. Tanzania: 4.7%  (+0.4)          27. Ethiopia: 0.9%
28. Eritrea: 4.6%  (+3.4)             28. Ghana: 0.8% 
29. Cameroon: 2.2% (-11)           29. Algeria: 0.3%

No data for adolescents from Mauritius, Chad, RDC, Gambia.
No data for adults from Benin, Botswana, Lesotho, Niger, Sao Tome, 

Highest and lowest prevalence for females (adolescents and adults) in ATSA countries

Prevalence in tobacco use for females in ATSA countries according to WHOSIS.
One can already notice some worrying trends for adolescent smoking

Adults                                  Adolescents         
1. Cameroon: 13.5%            1. Zambia: 25.6%  (+20)
2. Burkina: 11.2%                2. South Africa: 20%  (+11)
3. South Africa: 9.1%           3. Malawi: 17.9%  (+10)
4. Malawi: 6.2%                   4. Kenya: 14.5%  (+12)
5. Zambia: 5%                     5. Nigeria: 11.2%  (+10)
6. Tanzania: 4.3%               6. Ghana: 10.9%  (+10)
7. Kenya: 2.2%                    7. Senegal: 9.6%  (+8)
8. Senegal: 1.5%                 8. Burkina: 6.7%   (-5)
9. Eritrea: 1.2%                  9. Tanzania: 4.7%  (+0.4)
10. Nigeria: 1.2%               10. Eritrea: 4.6%  (+3.4)
11. Mauritius: 1.1%            11. Cameroon: 2.2% (-11)
12. Ghana: 0.8%                 No data for adolescents from Mauritius...

Highest and lowest prevalence for males (adolescents and adults) in ATSA countries

According to the numbers provided by WHOSIS here is a prevalence scale for males:

Adults                                    Adolescents 

1. Mauritius         35.7%        1. South Africa: 29%  (+1.5)
2. Cameroon        27.7%        2. Zambia: 25.7%  (+4)
3. South Africa     27.5%        3. Nigeria: 22.6%  (+9.6)
4. Kenya              27.1%         4. Senegal: 20.4% (+0.6)
5. Tanzania         24.8%          5. Burkina: 19.9% (-2.1)
6. Malawi            23.7%          6. Malawi: 19.1%  (-4.6)
7. Burkina           22%             7. Kenya: 14.9%  (-12.2)
8. Zambia           21.7%           8. Cameroon: 12.6% (-15.1)
9. Senegal          19.8%            9. Ghana: 11.6% (+1.4)
10. Eritrea         16.9%           10. Tanzania: 8.7% (-16.1)
11. Nigeria         13%              11. Eritrea: 7.8% (-9.1)
12. Ghana           10.2%

Highest and lowest prevalence for adolescents and aldults in ATSA countries (both sexes)

According to the numbers provided by WHOSIS here is a prevalence scale for adolescents smoking (for both sexes). Both sexes data sort of confuse the understanding because often there is significant difference between males and females.

1. Zambia             25.6%
2. South Africa     23.6%
3. Malawi             18.4%
4. Nigeria             18.1%
5. Kenya               15.1%
6. Senegal            14.9%
7. Burkina            13.6%
8. Ghana              11.7%
9. Cameroon          7.4%
10. Eritrea             6.6%
11. Tanzania          6.5%

There were no data available for adolescents prevalence for Mauritius in WHOSIS.

Le bulletin d'Information ASTA pour Novembre

Le bulletin d'Information ASTA pour Novembre est disponible sur le site, en format pdf.

The ATSA newsletter for November

The newsletter is available on pdf format on ATSA's site.

Les tableaux de Marco

Marco est un jeune peintre de Rodrigues, une petite île proche de Maurice. Vous pouvez voir ses tableaux sur son blog. J'ai choisi deux reproductions pour illustrer les liens vers le sites ATSA/ASTA. Des images Africaines pleines de gaieté et de fraîcheur.