Here is a résumé of the results of the Rwanda-National (Ages 13-15) Global Youth Tobacco Survey GYTS (pdf document):
Prevalence
16.3% of students had ever smoked cigarettes (Boy =23.5%, Girl =9.5%)
11.5% currently use any tobacco product (Boy =13.3%, Girl=9.5%)
1.8% currently smoke cigarettes (Boy =3.0%, Girl =0.9%)
10.5% currently use other tobacco products (Boy =12.0%, Girl =8.7%) (what products?)
The Rwanda-NationalGYTS includes data on prevalence of cigarette and other tobacco use as well as information on five determinants of tobacco use: access/availability and price, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), cessation, media and advertising, and school curriculum.
These determinants are components Rwanda-National could include in a comprehensive tobacco control program.
The Rwanda-National GYTS was a school-based survey of students in Umwaka wa mbere, Umwaka wa kabiri, Umwaka wa gatatu conducted in 2008.
A two-stage cluster sample design was used to produce representative data for Rwanda-National.
At the first stage, schools were selected with probability proportional to enrollment size.
At the second stage, classes were randomly selected and all students in selected classes were eligible to participate.
The school response rate was 100.0%, the class response rate was 100%, the student response rate was 91.8%, and the overall response rate was 91.8%.
A total of 688 students aged 13-15 participated in the Rwanda-NationalGYTS
Prevalence
16.3% of students had ever smoked cigarettes (Boy =23.5%, Girl =9.5%)
11.5% currently use any tobacco product (Boy =13.3%, Girl=9.5%)
1.8% currently smoke cigarettes (Boy =3.0%, Girl =0.9%)
10.5% currently use other tobacco products (Boy =12.0%, Girl =8.7%) (what products?)
10.0% of never smokers are likely to initiate smoking next year
Knowledge and Attitudes
23.0% think boys who smoke have more friends
9.2% think boys and 6.4% think girls who smoke look more attractive
Exposure to Secondhand Smoke (SHS)
19.2% live in homes where others smoke in their presence
85.6% think smoking should be banned from public places
77.1% think smoke from others is harmful to them
14.0% have one or more parents who smoke
1.5% have most or all friends who smoke
Media and Advertising
81.2% saw anti-smoking media messages, in the past 30 days (where? what format?)
47.0% saw pro-cigarette ads on billboards, in the past 30 days
31.1% saw pro-cigarette ads in newspapers or magazines, in the past 30 days
9.6% have an object with a cigarette brand logo
4.8% were offered free cigarettes by a tobacco company representative
School
47.8% had been taught in class, during the past year, about the dangers of smoking
22.4% had discussed in class, during the past year, reasons why people their age smoke
48.1% had been taught in class, during the past year, the effects of tobacco use
Highlights
Over 1 in 10 students currently use any form of tobacco;
1.8% currently smoke cigarettes;
approximately 1 in 10 currently use some other form of tobacco. (what form?)
SHS exposure is moderate – 2 in 10 students live in homes where others smoke;
14.0% of students have one or more parent who smoke.
More than three-quarters of the students think smoke from others is harmful to them.
Over 8 in 10 students think smoking should be banned from public places.
More than 8 in 10 students saw anti-smoking messages (what type?
where?) while nearly half saw pro-cigarette ads on billboards, and
approximately one-third of the students saw pro-cigarettes ads in
newspapers or magazines in the past 30 days.
For additional information, please contact: Mr Jean Bosco Gasherebuka
gasherebukab@rw.afro.who.int or gasherebos@yahoo.fr
Here is an article about the issue of "global smoking" in Rwanda:
Rwandans smoke
2 million sticks a day [05/02/08]
By Peace K. Kalisa.
Participants of a two day seminar held May2 to 3 at
Hotel de Mille Colline , have been told that 10.6% of
the Rwandan population smoke.
The stunning revelation was made by Claude Sekabaraga
from the Ministry of Health. He also said that in
Burundi 12.4% smoke. The seminar was organised by
Ministry of Health and the World Health Organisation
(WHO), was discussing the problems of fighting tobacco
smoking in Rwanda and legislative measures that can be
adopted in the fight against smoking.
It was indicated that an annual production of
271.250.000 cigarettes, up to 68 cigarettes are
consumed by one person especially those aged below 15
every day and that up to 4.016.984 smoke cigarettes in
the country. In a survey carried out among the Youth
in Kigali secondary schools, it was found out that
58.9% of them begun smoking while aged between 11 and
15 years and 9.8% at above 20 years.
It was also found out that 54.2 % of the school going
children consume 1 to 5 cigarettes a day and 25%
consume 11 to 20 cigarettes a day.
Sekabaraga told the participants the dangers and
effect tobacco has on the body. He said that over 9.6
million people’s deaths world wide are caused by
tobacco, and suggested psychological and alternative
methods of stopping the habit. Some of the methods
suggested were banning all advertisement, sponsoring
promotion and sales related to smoking.
Other measures, he said, are increase in tobacco
prices, putting in place legislative ways of
protecting non-smokers and elaborating and
implementing programs of sensitisation.
When I brought the Newspaper into our busy newsroom
it sparked off a debate around the issue of the story
running as a headline news story. Journalists argued
that far from an editorial ‘error’ the story showed
the priorities of the Rwandese nation. A far more
sensitive story about the country’s president , Paul
Kagame meeting the Belgian foreign minister over the
conflict in the Congo [DRC] for example was relegated
to a small section of the front page, which could have
made it to the headlines of the Monitor newspaper. A
short vote on the issue showed that most journalists
favoured the Rwandese approach and asked this
broadcaster among others about legislation and how
realistic the FCTC was in the debate of tobacco in the
media.
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